It is more difficult to describe standards for transfer of data. Usually each system has its own implementation. To take Erasmus Without Paper (EWP) as an example the communication is done in a way that an information requester goes to a discovery service and finds a data provider. The communication is then done peer to peer, according to specifications in APIs, with little user interaction. This method is used only in EWP and any system in need of data must follow the exact procedure.